Marzano’s Dimensions of Learning




Title
Example
Dimension 1
Positive Attitudes and Perceptions About Learning
  • Classroom Climate
- Feeling accepted by teacher and peers
- Perceiving order
Dimension 2
Acquisition and Integration of Knowledge
  • Students must be guided in relating new knowledge to what they know, organizing it, and making it part of long-term memory
  • Two types of knowledge:
- Declarative Knowledge
  • Facts, concepts, generalizations, and principles
- Procedural Knowledge
  • Skills, procedures, and processes
Dimension 3
Extension and Refinement of Knowledge
  • Learners must develop in-depth understanding and apply and refine that knowledge
  • Common reasoning processes are:
- Comparing — How are these things alike?
- Classifying — How can these be organized?
- Inductive Reasoning — Based on these facts, what is your conclusion?
- Deductive Reasoning — Based on this rule, what conclusions can you draw that must be true?
- Analyzing Errors — How is this information misleading?
- Constructing Support — What is an argument that would support this claim?
- Abstracting — To what other situations can this apply?
- Analyzing Perspectives — What is the reasoning behind this perspective?
Dimension 4
Meaningful Use of Knowledge
  • Students learn best when they need knowledge to accomplish a goal that is meaningful to them
- Decision Making
- Investigation
- Experimental Inquiry
- Problem Solving
- Systems Analysis
Dimension 5
Productive Habits of Mind
  • Mental habits that students develop that will enable them to learn on their own
- Critical Thinking
- Creative Thinking
- Self-Regulation—Metacognition